from typing import List, Tuple, Union, TYPE_CHECKING
import numpy as np
import pygame
from highway_env.road.lane import LineType, AbstractLane
from highway_env.road.road import Road
from highway_env.utils import Vector
from highway_env.vehicle.graphics import VehicleGraphics
from highway_env.vehicle.objects import Obstacle, Landmark
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from highway_env.vehicle.objects import RoadObject
PositionType = Union[Tuple[float, float], np.ndarray]
[docs]class WorldSurface(pygame.Surface):
"""A pygame Surface implementing a local coordinate system so that we can move and zoom in the displayed area."""
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GREY = (100, 100, 100)
GREEN = (50, 200, 0)
YELLOW = (200, 200, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
INITIAL_SCALING = 5.5
INITIAL_CENTERING = [0.5, 0.5]
SCALING_FACTOR = 1.3
MOVING_FACTOR = 0.1
def __init__(self, size: Tuple[int, int], flags: object, surf: pygame.SurfaceType) -> None:
super().__init__(size, flags, surf)
self.origin = np.array([0, 0])
self.scaling = self.INITIAL_SCALING
self.centering_position = self.INITIAL_CENTERING
[docs] def pix(self, length: float) -> int:
"""
Convert a distance [m] to pixels [px].
:param length: the input distance [m]
:return: the corresponding size [px]
"""
return int(length * self.scaling)
[docs] def pos2pix(self, x: float, y: float) -> Tuple[int, int]:
"""
Convert two world coordinates [m] into a position in the surface [px]
:param x: x world coordinate [m]
:param y: y world coordinate [m]
:return: the coordinates of the corresponding pixel [px]
"""
return self.pix(x - self.origin[0]), self.pix(y - self.origin[1])
[docs] def vec2pix(self, vec: PositionType) -> Tuple[int, int]:
"""
Convert a world position [m] into a position in the surface [px].
:param vec: a world position [m]
:return: the coordinates of the corresponding pixel [px]
"""
return self.pos2pix(vec[0], vec[1])
[docs] def is_visible(self, vec: PositionType, margin: int = 50) -> bool:
"""
Is a position visible in the surface?
:param vec: a position
:param margin: margins around the frame to test for visibility
:return: whether the position is visible
"""
x, y = self.vec2pix(vec)
return -margin < x < self.get_width() + margin and -margin < y < self.get_height() + margin
[docs] def move_display_window_to(self, position: PositionType) -> None:
"""
Set the origin of the displayed area to center on a given world position.
:param position: a world position [m]
"""
self.origin = position - np.array(
[self.centering_position[0] * self.get_width() / self.scaling,
self.centering_position[1] * self.get_height() / self.scaling])
[docs] def handle_event(self, event: pygame.event.EventType) -> None:
"""
Handle pygame events for moving and zooming in the displayed area.
:param event: a pygame event
"""
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_l:
self.scaling *= 1 / self.SCALING_FACTOR
if event.key == pygame.K_o:
self.scaling *= self.SCALING_FACTOR
if event.key == pygame.K_m:
self.centering_position[0] -= self.MOVING_FACTOR
if event.key == pygame.K_k:
self.centering_position[0] += self.MOVING_FACTOR
[docs]class LaneGraphics(object):
"""A visualization of a lane."""
# See https://www.researchgate.net/figure/French-road-traffic-lane-description-and-specification_fig4_261170641
STRIPE_SPACING: float = 4.33
""" Offset between stripes [m]"""
STRIPE_LENGTH: float = 3
""" Length of a stripe [m]"""
STRIPE_WIDTH: float = 0.3
""" Width of a stripe [m]"""
[docs] @classmethod
def display(cls, lane: AbstractLane, surface: WorldSurface) -> None:
"""
Display a lane on a surface.
:param lane: the lane to be displayed
:param surface: the pygame surface
"""
stripes_count = int(2 * (surface.get_height() + surface.get_width()) / (cls.STRIPE_SPACING * surface.scaling))
s_origin, _ = lane.local_coordinates(surface.origin)
s0 = (int(s_origin) // cls.STRIPE_SPACING - stripes_count // 2) * cls.STRIPE_SPACING
for side in range(2):
if lane.line_types[side] == LineType.STRIPED:
cls.striped_line(lane, surface, stripes_count, s0, side)
elif lane.line_types[side] == LineType.CONTINUOUS:
cls.continuous_curve(lane, surface, stripes_count, s0, side)
elif lane.line_types[side] == LineType.CONTINUOUS_LINE:
cls.continuous_line(lane, surface, stripes_count, s0, side)
[docs] @classmethod
def striped_line(cls, lane: AbstractLane, surface: WorldSurface, stripes_count: int, longitudinal: float,
side: int) -> None:
"""
Draw a striped line on one side of a lane, on a surface.
:param lane: the lane
:param surface: the pygame surface
:param stripes_count: the number of stripes to draw
:param longitudinal: the longitudinal position of the first stripe [m]
:param side: which side of the road to draw [0:left, 1:right]
"""
starts = longitudinal + np.arange(stripes_count) * cls.STRIPE_SPACING
ends = longitudinal + np.arange(stripes_count) * cls.STRIPE_SPACING + cls.STRIPE_LENGTH
lats = [(side - 0.5) * lane.width_at(s) for s in starts]
cls.draw_stripes(lane, surface, starts, ends, lats)
[docs] @classmethod
def continuous_curve(cls, lane: AbstractLane, surface: WorldSurface, stripes_count: int,
longitudinal: float, side: int) -> None:
"""
Draw a striped line on one side of a lane, on a surface.
:param lane: the lane
:param surface: the pygame surface
:param stripes_count: the number of stripes to draw
:param longitudinal: the longitudinal position of the first stripe [m]
:param side: which side of the road to draw [0:left, 1:right]
"""
starts = longitudinal + np.arange(stripes_count) * cls.STRIPE_SPACING
ends = longitudinal + np.arange(stripes_count) * cls.STRIPE_SPACING + cls.STRIPE_SPACING
lats = [(side - 0.5) * lane.width_at(s) for s in starts]
cls.draw_stripes(lane, surface, starts, ends, lats)
[docs] @classmethod
def continuous_line(cls, lane: AbstractLane, surface: WorldSurface, stripes_count: int, longitudinal: float,
side: int) -> None:
"""
Draw a continuous line on one side of a lane, on a surface.
:param lane: the lane
:param surface: the pygame surface
:param stripes_count: the number of stripes that would be drawn if the line was striped
:param longitudinal: the longitudinal position of the start of the line [m]
:param side: which side of the road to draw [0:left, 1:right]
"""
starts = [longitudinal + 0 * cls.STRIPE_SPACING]
ends = [longitudinal + stripes_count * cls.STRIPE_SPACING + cls.STRIPE_LENGTH]
lats = [(side - 0.5) * lane.width_at(s) for s in starts]
cls.draw_stripes(lane, surface, starts, ends, lats)
[docs] @classmethod
def draw_stripes(cls, lane: AbstractLane, surface: WorldSurface,
starts: List[float], ends: List[float], lats: List[float]) -> None:
"""
Draw a set of stripes along a lane.
:param lane: the lane
:param surface: the surface to draw on
:param starts: a list of starting longitudinal positions for each stripe [m]
:param ends: a list of ending longitudinal positions for each stripe [m]
:param lats: a list of lateral positions for each stripe [m]
"""
starts = np.clip(starts, 0, lane.length)
ends = np.clip(ends, 0, lane.length)
for k, _ in enumerate(starts):
if abs(starts[k] - ends[k]) > 0.5 * cls.STRIPE_LENGTH:
pygame.draw.line(surface, surface.WHITE,
(surface.vec2pix(lane.position(starts[k], lats[k]))),
(surface.vec2pix(lane.position(ends[k], lats[k]))),
max(surface.pix(cls.STRIPE_WIDTH), 1))
@classmethod
def draw_ground(cls, lane: AbstractLane, surface: WorldSurface, color: Tuple[float], width: float,
draw_surface: pygame.Surface = None) -> None:
draw_surface = draw_surface or surface
stripes_count = int(2 * (surface.get_height() + surface.get_width()) / (cls.STRIPE_SPACING * surface.scaling))
s_origin, _ = lane.local_coordinates(surface.origin)
s0 = (int(s_origin) // cls.STRIPE_SPACING - stripes_count // 2) * cls.STRIPE_SPACING
dots = []
for side in range(2):
longis = np.clip(s0 + np.arange(stripes_count) * cls.STRIPE_SPACING, 0, lane.length)
lats = [2 * (side - 0.5) * width for _ in longis]
new_dots = [surface.vec2pix(lane.position(longi, lat)) for longi, lat in zip(longis, lats)]
new_dots = reversed(new_dots) if side else new_dots
dots.extend(new_dots)
pygame.draw.polygon(draw_surface, color, dots, 0)
[docs]class RoadGraphics(object):
"""A visualization of a road lanes and vehicles."""
[docs] @staticmethod
def display(road: Road, surface: WorldSurface) -> None:
"""
Display the road lanes on a surface.
:param road: the road to be displayed
:param surface: the pygame surface
"""
surface.fill(surface.GREY)
for _from in road.network.graph.keys():
for _to in road.network.graph[_from].keys():
for l in road.network.graph[_from][_to]:
LaneGraphics.display(l, surface)
[docs] @staticmethod
def display_traffic(road: Road, surface: WorldSurface, simulation_frequency: int = 15, offscreen: bool = False) \
-> None:
"""
Display the road vehicles on a surface.
:param road: the road to be displayed
:param surface: the pygame surface
:param simulation_frequency: simulation frequency
:param offscreen: render without displaying on a screen
"""
if road.record_history:
for v in road.vehicles:
VehicleGraphics.display_history(v, surface, simulation=simulation_frequency, offscreen=offscreen)
for v in road.vehicles:
VehicleGraphics.display(v, surface, offscreen=offscreen)
[docs] @staticmethod
def display_road_objects(road: Road, surface: WorldSurface, offscreen: bool = False) -> None:
"""
Display the road objects on a surface.
:param road: the road to be displayed
:param surface: the pygame surface
:param offscreen: whether the rendering should be done offscreen or not
"""
for o in road.objects:
RoadObjectGraphics.display(o, surface, offscreen=offscreen)
[docs]class RoadObjectGraphics:
"""A visualization of objects on the road."""
YELLOW = (200, 200, 0)
BLUE = (100, 200, 255)
RED = (255, 100, 100)
GREEN = (50, 200, 0)
BLACK = (60, 60, 60)
DEFAULT_COLOR = YELLOW
[docs] @classmethod
def display(cls, object_: 'RoadObject', surface: WorldSurface, transparent: bool = False,
offscreen: bool = False):
"""
Display a road objects on a pygame surface.
The objects is represented as a colored rotated rectangle
:param object_: the vehicle to be drawn
:param surface: the surface to draw the object on
:param transparent: whether the object should be drawn slightly transparent
:param offscreen: whether the rendering should be done offscreen or not
"""
o = object_
s = pygame.Surface((surface.pix(o.LENGTH), surface.pix(o.LENGTH)), pygame.SRCALPHA) # per-pixel alpha
rect = (0, surface.pix(o.LENGTH / 2 - o.WIDTH / 2), surface.pix(o.LENGTH), surface.pix(o.WIDTH))
pygame.draw.rect(s, cls.get_color(o, transparent), rect, 0)
pygame.draw.rect(s, cls.BLACK, rect, 1)
if not offscreen: # convert_alpha throws errors in offscreen mode TODO() Explain why
s = pygame.Surface.convert_alpha(s)
h = o.heading if abs(o.heading) > 2 * np.pi / 180 else 0
# Centered rotation
position = (surface.pos2pix(o.position[0], o.position[1]))
cls.blit_rotate(surface, s, position, np.rad2deg(-h))
[docs] @staticmethod
def blit_rotate(surf: pygame.SurfaceType, image: pygame.SurfaceType, pos: Vector, angle: float,
origin_pos: Vector = None, show_rect: bool = False) -> None:
"""Many thanks to https://stackoverflow.com/a/54714144."""
# calculate the axis aligned bounding box of the rotated image
w, h = image.get_size()
box = [pygame.math.Vector2(p) for p in [(0, 0), (w, 0), (w, -h), (0, -h)]]
box_rotate = [p.rotate(angle) for p in box]
min_box = (min(box_rotate, key=lambda p: p[0])[0], min(box_rotate, key=lambda p: p[1])[1])
max_box = (max(box_rotate, key=lambda p: p[0])[0], max(box_rotate, key=lambda p: p[1])[1])
# calculate the translation of the pivot
if origin_pos is None:
origin_pos = w / 2, h / 2
pivot = pygame.math.Vector2(origin_pos[0], -origin_pos[1])
pivot_rotate = pivot.rotate(angle)
pivot_move = pivot_rotate - pivot
# calculate the upper left origin of the rotated image
origin = (pos[0] - origin_pos[0] + min_box[0] - pivot_move[0],
pos[1] - origin_pos[1] - max_box[1] + pivot_move[1])
# get a rotated image
rotated_image = pygame.transform.rotate(image, angle)
# rotate and blit the image
surf.blit(rotated_image, origin)
# draw rectangle around the image
if show_rect:
pygame.draw.rect(surf, (255, 0, 0), (*origin, *rotated_image.get_size()), 2)
@classmethod
def get_color(cls, object_: 'RoadObject', transparent: bool = False):
color = cls.DEFAULT_COLOR
if isinstance(object_, Obstacle):
if object_.crashed:
# indicates failure
color = cls.RED
else:
color = cls.YELLOW
elif isinstance(object_, Landmark):
if object_.hit:
# indicates success
color = cls.GREEN
else:
color = cls.BLUE
if transparent:
color = (color[0], color[1], color[2], 30)
return color
